Teks Report Polusi Tanah

Soil Pollution

  

        Soil contamination is a state in which man-made chemicals in and alter the natural soil environment.  When a substance is hazardous / toxic has polluted the soil surface, so it can evaporate, and the rain washed away or into the ground. Pollution that goes into the ground and then terendap as toxic chemicals in the soil. Toxic substances in the soil can have a direct impact to humans when in contact or can contaminate ground water and the air above it. The Sources of soil pollution is  :

1.      leakage of liquid waste or industrial chemicals or commercial facilities

2.      uses pesticides contaminated surface water ingress into the sub-surface layer

3.      oil transport vehicle accidents, chemical substances, or waste, water waste from landfills

4.      industrial waste water directly discharged into the soil ineligible (illegal dumping).

5.      Waste plastic, glass, metal and rubber are buried in the soil.

6.      The remaining pesticide from agricultural activities that soak into the ground.

7.       Waste detergents discharged into the ground.

8.       The erosion of topsoil (topsoil) by water.

9.       Compounds of amino acid rain events seep into the ground.

The impact Of Soil Pollution is :

1.      With the presence of pollutants in the soil can berdapak negative environmental balance. Plastic, glass, metal and rubber are buried in the ground will be hard broken down by decomposers in the soil. Its presence in the soil can reduce soil fertility.

2.      Waste disposal detergents and pesticides content in the soil can kill the organisms in the soil decomposers that interfere with the process of decomposition of organic compounds.

3.      Erosion of humus layer of the soil surface can reduce the productivity of the soil, the soil becomes less fertile. Topsoil erosion can be caused by illegal logging that denuded forest.

4.      The presence of acidic compounds acid rain can cause changes in the degree of acidity (pH) of the soil, it affects the activity of decomposing organisms in the soil. The change also affects soil acidity is not good for the absorption of nutrients from the soil by plants.

5.      The impact of pollution on the health of the soil depends on the type of pollutant, the entry into the body and the vulnerability of the affected population. Chromium, a wide range of pesticides and carcinogens herbisidamerupakan for all populations. Lead is particularly dangerous in children because it can cause brain damage, and kidney damage in the whole population. Kuri (mercury) and siklodiena known to cause kidney damage, some can not even be treated. PCB and siklodiena related liver toxicity.

6.      Soil pollution can also have an impact on the ecosystem . Changes in soil chemical radicals can arise from the presence of toxic chemicals / hazardous even at low doses though. These changes can lead to changes in metabolism of endemic microorganisms and arthropods that live in the soil. As a result, some species can even destroy the primary of the food chain, which can give a great result against predators or other levels of the food chain.

      There are several steps handlers to reduce the impact of the pollution of the soil.  Among them :

1.             Remediation activities to clean the surface is contaminated soil. There are two types of soil remediation, ie in-situ (or on-site) and ex-situ (or off-site). Cleaning is the cleaning on-site at the location. Cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation.

         Cleaning off-site includes excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After it was in a safe area, the land is cleared of contaminants. The trick is, the land is kept in tubs / tanks are watertight, then the cleaning agent is pumped into the tub / tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the tub and then treated with wastewater treatment plant. Off-site cleanup is much more expensive and complicated.

2.              Bioremediation is the process of cleansing the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic materials or non-toxic (carbon dioxide and water).

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